The structural origin of their high piezoelectric performance can be attributed to a hierarchical nanodomain architecture, where the local structure inside nanodomains comprises R and T nanotwins. Here we report the achievement of high temperature stability (less than 10% variation for electric field-induced strain from 27 ☌ to 80 ☌), good fatigue properties (stable up to 10 6 cycles) as well as an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33) of 525 pC N −1 in (1 − x)(K 1− yNa y)(Nb 1− zSb z)O 3– xBi 0.5(Na 1− wK w) 0.5HfO 3 (KNNS–BNKH) ceramics through manipulating the rhombohedral–tetragonal (R–T) phase boundary. In particular, the structural/physical origin for their high piezoelectricity is still unclear, which hinders property optimization. It is very difficult to simultaneously achieve high piezoelectric performance and reliable stability in KNN-based systems. Thus it is urgent to develop lead-free substitutes with high piezoelectricity and temperature stability, among which, potassium-sodium niobate has the most potential. Lead-based piezoelectric materials are currently facing global restrictions due to their lead toxicity.
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